英语定语从句复习需要注意的问题(二)
巩 勃
“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句容易引起错误或者误解,学习和复习时,还应注意以下问题:
1.介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
Is this the house in which we lived last year?这是我们去年居住的房子吗?
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
2.that 作介词的宾语时,介词一般不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
3.“介词 + 关系代词”结构中的关系代词一般不能用that。
通常that 之前不能带介词,只有当介词位于从句末尾时,that方可代替which。that 只有在特殊的、个别的场合下,才能前带介词。如,in that (因为),but / except / save that(除了)。
4.含有介词的短语动词(固定动词词组)不能拆开,即不能转化成“介词 + 关系代词”结构,介词仍放在动词的后面。listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of, look into, break into, get rid of, take part in, make use of, take/catch hold of, catch up with, get along with, look forward to等都是短语动词,不可拆分。如:
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.保育员们照看的那些孩子们很健康。(不可说…after whom the nurses are looking)
5.“介词 + 关系代词”后接不定式短语作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。如:
He has a knife with which to defend himself.(=He has a knife with which he can defend himself.) 他有一把用于自卫的刀子。
6.from where是“介词+关系副词”,但也可以用来引导定语从句。如:
His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees.不一会儿,他从二楼的一扇窗户里探出头来,除了树林之外,从那里什么也看不到。
(工作单位 西安市西电中学)
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